Where Did Dinosaurs Live

Leadership Essay - 2104 Words

When talking about leadership, one cannot help but wonder how it relates to nursing. If the focus of nursing should be caring for patients who are either well or ill, then why is there a need to tackle leadership? Unlike before, today’s health care environment is complex, rapid and continuously changing. This development prompts an upcoming danger to the nurse’s skills, identity and ability to coordinate with other health care professionals. On the other hand, this also makes nurses challenge their own into taking the lead, developing goals, consolidating a purpose and moving towards an attainable vision. A nurse leader then needs to combine clinical, administrative, financial and operational skills to effectively solve various clinical†¦show more content†¦There are three known styles of leadership namely autocratic, democratic and laissez faire. In simple terms, autocratic means that only the leader makes the decision. In democratic the people most of the tim e has a say on the decision. And in laissez faire the decision making is given to the members directly, the leader is minimally involve in the process. The relationship of leadership to power is unmistakable. Power is the key component in leadership (Feldman, 2008). It is the ability to influence the other party’s behavior. The formal aspect of power is authority. One aspect of power in leadership is the distinction made between the exercise of power to advance a collective purpose and power to self advancement. True power is shared and given freely. Even the most memorable leaders are empowering in a sense that their power is about influence, confluence and synergy versus domination, control or willfulness (Feldman, 2008). Empowerment is one of the many roles a leader assumes. The other roles that a leader assumes include creating a climate that promotes followership in response to authority, recognizing the dual pyramid of power that exists between the organization and its employees, and using a powerful persona to increase respect and decrease fear in subordinates. Previous theories of leadershipShow MoreRelatedThe Leader ship Of Leadership And Leadership842 Words   |  4 Pagesideals of leadership, I met with two respected and admired school leaders: the Assistant Principal/Dean of Curriculum, and the Athletic Director. I chose these two school leaders because I wanted to gain an understanding of leadership from two diverse perspectives. I am thankful for the opportunity to hear from two different types of leaders, who ultimately share a lot of the same visions for my school and for leadership in general. While both subjects shared a similar definition of leadership, theirRead MoreLeadership And Leadership Of Leadership1711 Words   |  7 Pages7. Facilitative Leadership Facilitative leadership is dependent on quantities and outcomes – not a skill, though it takes much skill to master. The efficiency of a group is directly related to the effectiveness of its process. If the group is high operational, the facilitative leader uses a light hand on the procedure. 8. Laissez-faire Leadership Laissez-faire leadership gives expert to workers. According to AZ central, sections or subordinates are acceptable to work as they choose with nominal.Read MoreLeadership : Leadership And Leadership1605 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership Examined There have been many great leaders down through history. Leaders that have influenced change throughout many aspects of society. Great leaders have great influence. The effectiveness of a leader is determined by his leadership style. With so many styles to choose from, and the fact that not one style fits all situations, becoming an effective leader is a challenging task. One reflective note is that it is important to cultivate good leadership skills. One must evaluate personalRead MoreLeadership : Leadership And Leadership1225 Words   |  5 Pages with their team. Leadership is â€Å"the behavior of an individual . . . directing the activities of a group toward a shared goal† (Hemphill Coons, (1957). p. 7). †¢ Leadership is â€Å"the influential increment over and above mechanical compliance with the routine directives of the organization† (Katz Kahn, (1978). p. 528). †¢ Leadership is â€Å"the process of influencing the activities of an organized group toward goal achievement† (Rauch Behling, (1984). p. 46). †¢ â€Å"Leadership is about articulatingRead MoreLeadership : Leadership And Leadership1476 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership Effectiveness There are many different approaches to leadership, which can be dependent upon the task at hand. Some leaders are authoritative, making all the decisions for group members and allowing no space for error or input. 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They are more valued by followers and have higher performing teams. (Cherry 2014) However, leaders are the ones that use their leadership skills to make a difference in this world, such as presidents, teachers, or even college graduates. Leadership is not something you can learn from a book, but you have to gain this skill through experiences such as holding an office, organizing an event, speaking in front of people, or participating in a leadership programRead MoreLeadership Theories Of Leadership And Leadership Essay771 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership is important because it helps followers reach a common goal. There have been several studies based on effective leadership. The definition of leadership has evolved over the years adapting to the different views of the world. Leaders have influence on their followers they are looked up to. Being a leader means there will be interaction with different behaviors and personalities. Effective leaders sometimes have to adjust their style approach by the situation they are in. Every followersRead MoreTransformational Leadership : Leadership And Leadership887 Words   |  4 PagesThe idea of leadership has transformed throughout the years to encompass varying aspects of leadership approaches, leadership types and the like. According to Summerfield (2014), C. F. Rauch and O. Behling, quote leadership as: Leadership is the process of influencing the activities of an organized group toward goal achievement. Given its broad definition, leadership is understood to have different meanings when applied to diverse situations. For example, there are different types of approaches toRead MoreOrganizational Leadership : Leadership And Leadership1568 Words   |  7 PagesConceptualizing Leadership Leadership is different in the eyes of each and every individual. What one person considers great leadership may be viewed by another as too demanding. 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Health Physics Biological Imaging and Radiology Technology

Question: Q1 a) Explain the principles behind how Ultrasound images are produced, include information on Doppler imaging. (You may use a diagram or images of Ultrasound scans, these should be fully referenced.) b) Explain the principles behind how Ultrasound can be used to treat patients with kidney stones. (You may use a diagram or images of Ultrasound waves, these should be fully referenced.) c) Explain the principles behind how X Ray images are produced. (You may use a diagram or images of X Rays, these should be fully referenced.) Q2 List the effects that Laser light can have on Human Tissue and explain how each of these effects can be used for treating patients. (You may use diagrams or images of Laser use in Healthcare these should be fully referenced.) Q3 For each of the following imaging methods find a suitable source (internet or book) that lists the advantages and disadvantages of each imaging method and fill in the table below. Answer: Principles of Ultrasound Imaging: Imaging is basically the discipline in which biological imaging and radiology technology is used to make images and make the problems in the parts of body clear. The various imaging technologies are x-ray radiography, medical ultrasonography, endoscopy, ultrasound, tactile imaging. A series of pulses are transmitted so that the movement of blood can be detected in ultrasound scanners. The echoes from the stationery tissues remain same from the pulse to pulse but the echoes from the moving scattered are slightly different at the time of the signal that is to be returned to the receiver. This difference could be measured as direct time difference from which the Doppler frequency is obtained. After that processing is done to produce a Doppler sonogram or color flow display. The ultrasound images of flow whether they are of spectral Doppler or color flow are obtained from measurement of movement (Deane (2002)) Explain the principles behind how Ultrasound can be used to treat patients with kidney stones. Basically the shock wave lithotripsy is one of the most common the shock waves from outside are targeted at the kidney stone which fragments the stone then the stones breaks into small pieces. Explain the principles behind how X Ray images are produced. Principles of X-Ray: X-rays are the form of electromagnetic radiations. There is higher energy in the x-rays and they can pass through many objects which includes the body. The images of the tissues and structure of the body is generated by the medical x-rays. When the x-ray passes through the body then an image is formed on the other side of the detector which normally represents the shadow formed by the objects inside the body. In order to create a radiograph the patient is placed in such way that the part of body is located between the x-ray detector and x-ray source that is required to be imaged. After turning on the machine the x-ray travels through the body and the tissues absorbs it in different amounts depending on the density of the radiograph. For example, in the structures like bone this contains calcium and has atomic number to be higher as compared to most of the tissues. Due to this property of the bone the bone absorbs the x-ray and a high contrast is produced by the bone on the x-ray dete ctor. Due to which other tissues are less whiter then the bony structures as against the black background of radiograph. There is a filter which covers the radiographic film and hence reduces the scattered x-rays amount which may cause chemical reaction. A silver bromide covers the film which is a polyester sheet.(more detail) Q.2. List the effects that Laser light can have on Human Tissue and explain how each of these effects can be used for treating patients. These days laser dentistry has become a trend because of its various advantages and the ease of the procedures involved in it. The effects of laser on the tissue include the following: Accelerated tissue repair: The laser light is somewhat similar to the process of photosynthesis in which the light penetrated deeply in to the tissue and powers the synthesis of adenosine tri-phosphate. ATP is the carrier of energy to the different living cells. It further increases the energy level to the cell so that it can be possible for the cells to take the nutrients at faster pace and it can get rid of waste products. Rapid formation of collagen: The most important protein found in the body is collagen. Body is made up of various kinds of tissues and the connective tissues are widely distributed the fibroblasts uses the energy from the laser light which increases the production of collagen. Less scar tissue are present in the area where laser light is applied. Beneficial effect on nerve cells: The pain that is transmitted from the nerve cells to the brain is blocked by the laser effect thus this laser has a beneficial effect on the nerve cells. Laser light increases the activity of ATP.(Keogh. (2010)) Formation of new capillaries: The blood flow increases with many types of treatments and this is the result of the laser light but laser light does not form new capillaries in the damaged tissue.(Incesu (2015)) The laser lights passes through the body cuts and lands over the wound it cuts the wound in to very small and tiny pieces and seals the wound that way the wound is cured then and there with the help of laser light. For each of the following imaging methods find a suitable source (internet or book) that lists the advantages and disadvantages of each imaging method and fill in the table below. Advantages Disadvantages X Ray Imaging (include CT scanning and fluoroscopy with clear labels for the relevant sections) X Ray Used to treat various tumours before its spreads in the body. Help in identification of bone cancer CT scan The CT scans are very speedy. They take just seconds and scan the entire body There are less stringent requirements in the CT scan as compared to the MRI Fluoroscopy Provides functional and dynamic information It is quite in expensive method It is good for visualised bony structures X Ray Higher risk of getting cancer from X-Rays The base of DNA is changed which causes mutation. CT scan CT scans are not suitable for the pregnant women unless they are medically necessary. They are very dangerous for the children Fluoroscopy The soft tissue resolution is very poor Chances of skin injuries are there due to radiation exposure Overlapping autonomy might be displayed Ultrasound Imaging High sensitivity or accuracy Bedside test No radiation Relatively low cost Differential diagnosis is allowed Portable Additional studies might be required due to inclusive cases. It is dependent on the operator Not able to assess soft tissues Unsuitable for imaging the lungs b) Include a full reference for your source(s) and briefly explain why you believe the source(s) to be reliable There are various factors which influence the reliability of MRI like thermal noise, system noise in the scanner, changes in the cognitive strategy. These are very reliable as they have the ability to detect the signals from the backgrounds of the meaningless noise. There have been various methods that has been created to measure the reliability of MRI. These sources are very reliable as they depict a proper image of the various parts of the body and help in detecting the issues or wounds which can be cured. The images created by the use of these methods are very clear and the doctors can read those and reach on various conclusions. c ) Evaluate two advantages and one disadvantage for each imaging method that you feel are the most important features of the imaging mode, include relevant information on how the advantages/disadvantage affects its use imaging ability quality of image produced ability to diagnose certain problems Advantages of CT scan: It determines whether surgeries are required It reduces the length of hospitalization It improves cancer diagnosis and treatment(Huitt (2010)) By this the use of CT Scans is very popular and the quality of the image produced by the CT scan is very good. Disadvantages of CT scan: CT scan delivers a very high dose of radiations as compared to various other scan though this does not affects its use it is still being widely used all over.(Winston (2012)) There is a dose received by the patient undergoing CT scan which is known as contrast material so few areas of the body are highlighted on the scan.(Ellis (2009)) Bibliography Deane, C (2002), Sonoworld, viewed 27 March (2016), https://sonoworld.com/Client/Fetus/html/doppler/capitulos-html/chapter_01.htm. Ellis, S (2009), Investigating Science: Grade 10., Pearson, viewed 27 March (2016). Edmonds , M. and Gloud, E. (2016), How stuff works: How MRI Works, [Online]. Available at: https://science.howstuffworks.com/mri.htm (accessed 27 March 2016). Huitt, W (2010), edpsycinteractive, viewed 27 March (2016), https://www.edpsycinteractive.org/papers/prbsmbti.html. Incesu, L (2015), Medscape, viewed 27 March (2016), https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/363818-overview. (2010), Nursing laboratory diagnostic tests DeMYSTified, The McGraw-Hil Companies, Inc., United States of America. (2011), A Patient's Guide To Medical Imaging., Qxford University Press, Inc, New York. org, N (2004), MRI about, viewed 27 March (2016), https://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/mri/about.html. Perry., Srpawls, viewed 27 March (2016), https://www.sprawls.org/mripmt/MRI05/. Winston, B (2012), eHow, viewed 27 March (2016), https://www.ehow.com/list_6456817_advantages-disadvantages-ct-scans.html.

Diagnostic Criteria Essay Example For Students

Diagnostic Criteria Essay Refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and height (e.g., weight loss leading to maintenance of body weight less than 85% of that expected; or failure to make expected weight gain during period of growth, leading to body weight less than 85% of that expected). Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though underweight. Disturbance in the way in which ones body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation, or denial of the seriousness of the current low body weight. In postmenarcheal females, amenorrhea, i.e., the absence of at least three consecutive menstrual cycles. (A woman is considered to have amenorrhea if her periods occur only following hormone, e.g., estrogen, administration.)Specify type:Restricting Type: during the current episode of Anorexia Nervosa, the person has not regularly engaged in binge-eating or purging behavior (i.e., self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas)Binge-Eating/Purging Type: during the current episode of Anorexia Nervosa, the person has regularly engaged in binge-eating or purging behavior (i.e., self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas)GENERAL SUMMARYAnorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that usually strikes women. Of the 7 million women aged 15 to 35 who have an eating disorder, many will die from the complications of anorexia. Probably the most famous case is that of Karen Carpenter, who died from heart failure resulting from anorexia nervosa. This disease can be defined as self-starvation leading to a loss of body weight 15% below normal, accompanied with hyperactivity, hypothermia, and amenorrhea. Hypothermia results when the bodys natural insulation (fat stores) become non-existent and the victim becomes cold all the time. Amenorrhea is the absence of at least three menstrual cycles this is also affected by the loss of fat stores in the body. Anorexia may not be noticed in the early stages because it often starts as an innocent diet. They often become hyperactive because they exercise frantically in an attempt to burn calories to lose weight. In the later and more dangerous stages, the disease may not be noticed by family members because the anorexic usually wears layered and baggy clothes. Even though the anorexic is emaciated, she still feels fat and wants to hide her ugly, fat body. An anorexic may have ritualistic eating patterns such as cutting the food into tiny pieces and weighing every piece for food before she eats it. These behaviors can be found in people who are on a normal, healthy diet, but in anorexics these behaviors are extremely exaggerated. A number of research projects involving experimen- tal preventive measures have been reported in the current medical literature. Some of these experiments may prove to be helpful either in reducing the risk of anorexia nervosa, or perhaps preventing it altogether:(1) instruction on the harmful effects of unhealthy weight regulation;(2) intervention with programs of weight regulation by practicing sound nutrition and dietary principles and beginning a regimen of aerobic physical activity; and(3) development of coping skills for resisting the diverse sociocultural influences that appear linked to the current popular obsessions with thinness and dieting. Current ResearchThere are many reasons as to why women develop anorexia nervosa. One is that it is dieting taken to a dangerous extreme. Another is that societal pressures dictate a woman be thin in order to be beautiful the waif look was recently popular. But what these theories come down to is an issue of control. Whatever else is going on in the anorexics life, the one thing that she feels she can control is food. When problems in the family contribute to the feeling of loss of control, family therapy has provided a 90% improvement rate (Nichols ; Schwartz, 1991). Behavior therapy is also used to change the eating patterns of an anorexic who is seriously close to death. This is usually after the anorexic has been tube-fed to prevent death. Group and individual therapy has also proved effective it depends on the person and the situation. But it is usually very difficult for these interventions to be implemented because the anorexic is almost always in denial. She cannot recognize that there is a problem because she still feels and sees herself as being fat. If you know of someone who needs to be approached about an eating disorder, be prepared for resistance. Approach her when you think there is little chance of being interrupted. Know what you want to say, stay calm, and do not let the conversation escalate. Offer caring support, and supply information about sources where anorexics can obtain help in your community (Graves, 1994). Do these things, and anything else necessary to facilitate intervention, because she is slowly killing herself. Intervention is especially important, since recent research indicates that women suffering from anorexia nervosa are at much greater risk of dying than either female psychiatric patients, or the general population at large (Sullivan, 1995). Interpretive Two Kinds EssayWhen problems in the family contribute to the feeling of loss of control, family therapy has provided a 90% improvement rate (Nichols Schwartz, 1991). Behavior therapy is also used to change the eating patterns of an anorexic who is seriously close to death. This is usually after the anorexic has been tube-fed to prevent death. Group and individual therapy has also proved effective it depends on the person and the situation. But it is usually very difficult for these interventions to be implemented because the anorexic is almost always in denial. She cannot recognize that there is a problem because she still feels and sees herself as being fat. If you know of someone who needs to be approached about an eating disorder, be prepared for resistance. Approach her when you think there is little chance of being interrupted. Know what you want to say, stay calm, and do not let the conversation escalate. Offer caring support, and supply information about sources where anorexics can obtain help in your community (Graves, 1994). Do these things, and anything else necessary to facilitate intervention, because she is slowly killing herself. Intervention is especially important, since recent research indicates that women suffering from anorexia nervosa are at much greater risk of dying than either female psychiatric patients, or the general population at large (Sullivan, 1995). Another study involving a 10-year follow-up of 76 severely anorexic women has also shown such patients require intensive, on-going intervention to help them maintain normal weight and to help them avoid unsuitable eating behavior (Eckert and others, 1995). Although as yet highly speculative, a recent study has indicated the possibility that viral infections may play a causative role in some cases of anorexia nervosa (Park, Lawrie, and Freeman, 1995). Another new study indicates the possibility that children who display anxiety disorders between the ages of 5 and 15 may be expressing the first indication of a biological vulernability for anorexia nervosa (Deep and others, 1995). Generally speaking, early detection and treatment of this disease holds the greatest likelihood for positive outcomes (review: Woodside, 1995). Bodily EffectsIn a recent paper (Leibowitz, 1992) the neurochemical- neuroendocrine systems in the brain controlling macronutrient intake and metabolism are discussed. According to the author, appetite, energy balance, and body weight-gain are modulated by diverse neurochemical and neuroendocrine signals from different organs in the body and diverse regions in the brain. The hypothalamus plays an important integrative function in this process, acting through a variety of systems that involve a close interaction between nutrients, amines, neuropeptides and hormones. These systems underlie normal nutrient intake and metabolism and are thought to be responsible for shifts in feeding behavior across the circadian cycle and fluctuations relating to gender and age in both rats and humans. Moreover, alterations in these normal neurochemical-neuroendocrine systems may be associated with abnormal eating patterns, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia and obesity. Understanding the systems that control eating behavior might provide a foundation for the treatment and possible prevention of such disorders. In another study (Patton, 1992) dieting itself was examined relative to its role in anorexia nervosa. According to the author, dieting in young women is for the most part a transient and benign activity without longer-term consequences. However, a group of dieters do progress to develop the symptoms and behavior of eating disorders, so that dieting has been associated with an eight-fold rise in the risk of later eating disorder. Dieting or factors closely associated may account for most eating disorders in young women. Many antecedents of eating disorder appear to operate through increasing the risk of dieting rather than determining eating disorders specifically. Only the development of further neurotic and depressive symptoms characterizes dieters progressing to eating disorders. As the evidence implicating dieting in the origin of eating disorders becomes stronger so strategies for primary prevention become clearer. Anorexia NervosaAmerican DescriptionDiagnostic CriteriaRefusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and height (e.g., weight loss leading to maintenance of body weight less than 85% of that expected; or failure to make expected weight gain during period of growth, leading to body weight less than 85% of that expected). Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though underweight. Disturbance in the way in which ones body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation, or denial of the seriousness of the current low body weight. In postmenarcheal females, amenorrhea, i.e., the absence of at least three consecutive menstrual cycles. (A woman is considered to have amenorrhea if her periods occur only following hormone, e.g., estrogen, administration.)Specify type:Restricting Type: during the current episode of Anorexia Nervosa, the person has not regularly engaged in binge-eating or purging behavior (i.e., self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas)Binge-Eating/Purging Type: during the current episode of Anorexia Nervosa, the person has regularly engaged in binge-eating or purging behavior (i.e., self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas)